By Fernando Nuno / Published on Sun, 2009-12-27 22:56
Session 8: Pricing
Once the revenue requirements are established they should be converted into tariff systems. This session explains the major economic principles of electricity pricing and the general pricing models using average and marginal costs. Moreover the session explores the major pricing models for the electricity activities including: generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities.
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Sun, 2009-12-27 22:50
Session 7: Quality of Supply Regulation
Quality of supply regulation is becoming more and more important as cost-decreasing incentives may have a mid- and long-term effect on the quality provided. This session explains how quality of supply is defined, measured and regulated.
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Wed, 2009-11-18 10:10
Session 6: Efficiency Assessments
Regulators use efficiency assessment to set the efficiency targets of the regulated service providers. This session explains the role of the efficiency assessment, the methods to measure efficiency and the incorporation of efficiency results in the price control.
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Wed, 2009-11-18 09:59
Webinar 5: Cost of Capital
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) methodology is a widely accepted method for calculating the allowed rate of return. Regulators use different models to set the allowed cost of capital. This section explains the models and their practical application.
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Wed, 2009-11-18 09:52
Session 4: Revenue requirements and Regulatory Asset Base
The allowed revenue for provision of regulated services includes the operating cost, depreciation and return on regulated assets. The return, if calculated as the allowed rate of return (cost of capital) is charged on the regulatory asset base. This session explains how to the regulated revenue is set and the role of regulatory asset base (RAB).
· Revenue components : Depreciation / Return on assets (Regulatory asset base (RAB) - Rate of return on assets) / OPEX
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Fri, 2009-10-02 09:49
Session 3: Price Regulation
This session explains different forms of price control, including the classical rate of return organisation and more advanced forms of incentive regulation. It will also explain the design criteria for different price control models.
• Major price control models: Rate of return / Cap regulation / Yardstick competition / Sliding scale regulation
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Fri, 2009-10-02 09:42
SESSION 2: Market Design
This section explains the main properties of different types of electricity markets exhibiting different level of competition and different forms of organisation.
• General market models : vertically integrated companies / single buyer / wholesale competition / retail competition
• Power pools : Price based / Cost based
• Markets with bilateral trade
• Balancing markets
• Power exchanges
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Fri, 2009-10-02 09:24
This session explains the main tasks of regulation and addresses three main questions: what is regulated, where is it regulated, and how is it regulated.
In addition, we explain how the communication between regulators and regulated companies is organised, and how the regulatory performance is measured.
• General tasks of regulators: Price, Quality, Market functioning
• Areas of regulation
• Scope of regulation
• Methods of regulation
• Institutional questions
• Consultation and communication
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By Stefan Fassbinder / Published on Mon, 2009-08-31 08:33
Why do we need transformers? The answer is simple: impedance. If power losses in electricity distribution networks are to be kept within reasonable limits, then large amounts of electric power have to be transmitted across long distances at the highest feasible voltage. In absolute terms, the higher the trans-mission voltage, the smaller the current and hence the smaller the (resistive) power losses in the transmission cables. But increasing the transmission voltage also reduces a given power loss in relative terms.
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By Bruno De Wachter / Published on Tue, 2009-08-18 05:30
A concept often causing confusion
The 'smart grid' is commonly presented as an indispensable part of the future power system. It is claimed that a true liberalised electricity market with a high penetration of distributed generation will only be able to supply a high degree of power reliability if grids are made smart.
But what exactly is a 'smart grid'? Reading through some literature on the subject, one quickly discovers that it can mean many different things to many different people, often leading discussions to end in confusion.
A smart grid is neither a clearly defined single concept nor a single technology. Rather it is like a basket containing various combinations of balls. The context and the interpretation depend upon the user. Carnegie Mellon University recently published an article describing all of the various balls typically found in this metaphorical basket. Some of them represent innovations that are still in the development phase, while others stand for technologies which have already been applied for years.
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By Isabelle Heriakian / Published on Thu, 2009-01-29 14:30
Leonardo ENERGY has launched a new publication for electrical design engineers called “Guide for electrical design engineers”. Each chapter will study an electrical design case and present its methodical step-by-step calculation method. To view the different chapters, click on their title below.
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By Hans De Keulenaer / Published on Thu, 2008-09-11 07:54
A HV/MV transformer supplies a few power lines of known parameters and loads. These power lines can be substituted with the supply radius, at the end of which there is the equivalent load-receiver representing the entire load being transmitted by the transformer. The R and X parameters of this substitute supply radius are needed to calculate adjusting parameters of the voltage regulator which controls the HV/MV transformer. The presented method enables simple determining of the supply radius parameters R and X.
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By Hans De Keulenaer / Published on Mon, 2008-09-08 07:46
Digital simulation is a powerful mean to predict the voltage dip performance of a power network. Voltage dip characteristics can be accurately reproduced using present simulation tools and a stochastic prediction procedure that could incorporate the random nature of the voltage dip causes and the behaviour of sensitive equipment during this type of events.
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By Hans De Keulenaer / Published on Thu, 2008-08-28 14:23
By Daniel Kottick
The Israel Electric corp. deployed a nationwide Power Quality Monitoring System (PQMS). The PQMS monitors the quality of supply of all of its high voltage costumers, as well as a sample of its medium voltage customers. The PQMS monitors both the voltages and the currents. The PQMS has been operational since October 2005. The paper presents preliminary measurement results obtained from the PQMS.
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By Bruno De Wachter / Published on Thu, 2008-08-07 05:30
The International Copper Association has already found two partners in Sénégal that are willing to participate in a slum electrification project: the utility company SENELEC and the association PROQUELEC. The latter is a member of FISUEL, whose mission is to promote electrical safety. 'We are still looking for more partners,' says Dôme, 'but I’m confident we will find them soon. The idea is to start with a pilot project from one distribution transformer.
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By Bruno De Wachter / Published on Thu, 2008-08-07 05:30
'After initiating the project in Brazil, we wanted to start a second project, this time in Africa', recalls Dôme. 'We chose Sénégal because it is representative of sub-Saharan African income and energy requirements.'
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