By Isabelle Heriakian / Published on Thu, 2010-03-11 16:08
A prospective wind farm consisting of 21 turbines with 2 MW double-fed induction generators is planned to be connected to a 110 kV substation in distribution system.
In this case study, different network configurations are modelled.
The influence of the accuracy of grid modelling on grid harmonic impedance characteristic at a particular point is analysed, and a comparison of the results is done for the different network configurations.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 17:19
In Case Study 6, the investment costs and environmental payoffs of newly built houses were compared. In this case study, the renovation options of a standard house (see Glossary and parameter settings in Appendix) will be compared both in terms of the environmental benefits obtainable with the investment of 1 million Euros in each case.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 17:13
In case studies 3-4 the environmental benefits of a Low-Energy House (LEH) were compared to a Passive House (PH) both equipped with the best available technology to suit the house type.
In this case study, the environmental comparison was complemented with an economic assessment of the decision alternatives. This case study can be thought of as a cost-benefit analysis of building a new house with different environmental and economic costs and benefits.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 17:10
In case studies 1-4, considerations of energy use were purely environmental. Decision-making processes, however, need to factor in economics as this may change rankings entirely: if a limited amount of money has to be spent, cheaper solutions may be implemented numerous times and thus the multiple uses of smaller changes may even outperform a single grandiose scheme. To assess the economic aspects of electricity use, a simple yet powerful exercise will be conducted in this chapter.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 17:06
In previous case studies, the best available fossil fuel-based heating system was compared with the best available electric heating system. A relatively outdated technology of heaters, however, may in the future prove to imply the environmentally cleaner solution. Night storage (or accumulation) heaters are electric appliances that produce and store heat overnight when electricity from the grid is cheaper due to a situation of more available provision than demand, and release it throughout the day.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 16:58
Low Energy and so-called Passive Houses (LEH and PH, respectively) represent innovative design and technologies implemented in favour of energy efficiency. Compared to a standard house, both of these housing types have increased window surface area facing south, increased insulation on both walls and windows, sand-lime brick replacing the traditional bricks. The general description of the housing types is provided in the Glossary, while the list of parameters defining the houses in the model is provided in Supplement A.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 16:51
In this case study, the analysis targets a comparison between heating systems in a low-energy house. The definition of a low-energy house can be found in the Glossary.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 16:47
Case study 1 was constructed with the intention of assessing how the choice of power grid mix influences the environmental impact of producing electricity. Electric power can be produced from various renewable and non-renewable resources, and the technologies to harvest renewable resources are gaining momentum, together with the global pressure to increase their contribution to energy provision.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Wed, 2010-03-10 15:48
Developing economic well-being and preserving a healthy environment are not opposed forces but do, on the contrary, have a primary relationship and require a similar way of thinking: maximising the efficiency of a product over its life cycle will minimise its total financial cost as well as the total environmental impact over its life cycle.
The case studies below were developed to substantiate this Life-Cycle-Thinking by delivering high-level messages supporting decision making on the sustainable energy arena.
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By Isabelle Heriakian / Published on Tue, 2010-03-09 16:20
This case study is an assessment of electric power quality in a low voltage supply network in rural environment, based on measurements.
The subject of measurements was a low voltage line in which large disturbances occurred in the supply voltage, being the cause of customers' complaints. A modernisation of the installation was done; additional insulated cable was added and then the MV/LV transformer was replaced with a new one of larger rated power.
The conclusion from the final measurements is to consider other mitigation solutions.
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By Isabelle Heriakian / Published on Thu, 2010-03-04 17:44
This case study presents the control of quality parameters of electric power supplied from a low-voltage network to household consumers and public utility buildings.
The measures aimed at the power quality improvement, taken by the electric power supplier, are presented.
A comparison is done before and after replacement of a transformer to assess whether or not the choice was right.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Mon, 2010-02-22 17:19
This analysis builds on the previously released Qualitative Analysis of Power Distribution Configurations For Data Centres. It takes a quantitative look at one aspect of the previous paper: efficiency.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Mon, 2010-02-22 17:08
This paper is courtesy of The Green Grid - Get connected to Efficient IT.
Many different power distribution configurations exist today that can be used to power a data centre. Each of these configurations has its own advantages and disadvantages, which can have a major impact on all aspects of the facility.
This paper discusses the qualitative differences between seven possible configurations that can either be found in the United States or Canada today, or could be used in the future.
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By Fernando Nuno / Published on Fri, 2010-02-19 12:08
Following the training course on electricity markets regulation, a set of support papers is being delivered to complete the didactic set.
This paper explains the various market design possibilities: Single Buyer or Electricity Markets with Wholesale Competition. Additionally, it provides a view about Pool versus Bilateral Trading, Intra-day Trading and Balancing Mechanisms and Supplementary Capacity Schemes.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Tue, 2010-02-16 16:20
This Application Note provides an overview of available measures for energy efficiency improvement in the food and beverage processing industry. It is based on examples from theory and practice.
This study is not intended to be an exhaustive description of every operation in the sector, but rather tries to describe the most significant process-specific energy efficiency measures and reinforce these with practical case-studies.
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By HDK / Published on Fri, 2010-01-15 16:35
This paper describes the performance of the network of a typical future residential concept area, as has been studied in the Intelligent E-Transportation Management project. Several scenarios have been elaborated by load flow simulations. The study investigated what level of introduction of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic systems and micro combined heat and power plants is feasible in this network. Possible overload situations are examined and the opportunities of demand side management for the power grid are investigated.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Tue, 2009-12-22 16:04
This Application Note is aimed at describing the use of energy and the potential energy savings in the school sector, on the basis of theory and practical case studies.
Schools represent some 6% of the total energy consumption in the tertiary sector. Before going into detail on the energy consumption of a school, the first paragraphs will briefly introduce the energy use of the utility sector and the part schools play in it.
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By Sergio Ferreira / Published on Mon, 2009-12-21 18:04
This application guide is aimed at describing the use of energy and the potential energy savings in the offices sector, on the basis of theory and practical case studies.
Before going into detail on the energy consumption of an office building, the first paragraphs will briefly introduce the energy use of such buildings.
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By Isabelle Heriakian / Published on Thu, 2009-12-17 17:51
In this guide, circuit protection is detailed as a way to ensure an installation is safe and functional. This document is concerned primarily with protection against the effects of over-currents and fault currents for property protection, but the improvements presented may also lead to secure people as an indirect benefit. There is a focus on circuit breakers as well as on issues that are likely to arise in circuit maintenance and it takes a systemic approach.
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By Guy Kasier / Published on Mon, 2009-12-14 14:23
The technical aids to enable elderly people to live at home for longer do not differ so much from those that can be used to help dementia sufferers and their home carers in the home situation. The difference lies primarily with the videophone (although this could also improve social contact for non-dementia sufferers) and the GPS wandering detection techniques. In a home situation with a dementia sufferer, the emphasis is primarily on offering support to the carer, who may or may not live in the home.
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